Testing machine



TESTING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l W 5. HA YF'OHD JH. TOWNSEND ATTORNEY Nov. 28, 1 w. s. HAYFORD ET AL TESTING MACHINEFiled Sept. 16, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W 5 HA YFORD /NVE T I? N 0 J R.TOWNSEND ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 28, 1933 Walter S. Hayford; 1Morristown,and John R;

Townsend, Bloomfield, N J.-, assignors to Bell Telephone Laboratories,Incorporated, New

.. York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application September 16, 1921 Serial No.'-392,9'73

This invention relates to testing machines of the type used for testingthe hardness of sheet metal and other materials. Q: h g

The object of'the invention is'to provide a '5 machine of'this characterwhich will give adirect indication of each measurement, wherein the timefor effecting such measurement is greatly reduced, and in which thehardness measurement of material is effectedwith increased accuracy.

In the hardness testing'machine of this invention, the material to betested is subjected to pressure between a support or anvil and aplunger. This plunger is provided with a ball of a suitable diameter forcausing an indentation in the 'material, the load applied to the plungerto produce a predetermined penetration in the materialbeing anindication'of the hardness of the-materialg An optical system'i'sprovided for projecting a beam of light onto a scale through themovement of a "mirror which"is actuated by the plungerfor readilyindicating the depth of the penetration of theball in the material. Ascale beam and'a jockey weight movable therealong through the operationof a screw, disposed in parallel relation to the beam, constitute thepressure applying means,-the movement of the beam being transmitted tothe plunger through a link bar and a lever fulcrumed on knife edgepivots. The load applied on the plunger is readily indicated-bythepositionof the weight on the scale beam. 1 Y 1 In the drawings, Fig. 1is a front elevation of the machine, Fig. 2 1s an end view thereof, Fig.3 is a sectional view taken approximately on line 3-3 of Fig. 1, Fig'. 4is a sectional view taken approximately on line 4-4 of Fig. 1, and Fig.5 is a View showing a light projector and a mirror of an optical systemused in this machine. v V

The hardness testing machine of this invention consists of an uprightsupporting frame 10, having a base 11. On the top of frame 10 there ismounted a steel support or seat 12 shown in Fig. 1, on which a scalebeam 13 is fulcrumed on a prism or knife edge pivot 14. Adjacent to,

and in line parallel to the beam 13 there is'roin a bushing 17 which ismountedin a headpiece 18 carried by the beam 13 and the other end ofthis screw is journalled on a plate'20" mounted on the free end of beam13.

The headpiece 18 is formed integrally with an arm 19 which supports acounter weight 120 which cooperates with an adjustable counter weight21' mounted on an 'extensionfof SCl'ew 15 foraccuratelyrbalancingthe-'scalevbeam 13. Securely mounted on screw 15therej'is' provided I, a drum 'dial 22 which oooperates with apointer 23mounted on the headpiece 18' to 'servefa's'a micrometer adjustmentfo'rtheweight '16. I f j The headpiece 18'c'arries a knife edge pivot 24which is engag'e'dby a link "25.1 The other, end of this link engages aknife edge pivot 26 car-i riedat one end of a doublearmed lever 27 whichis in turn pivotedona knife edge'pivot 28rest ing against a support 29,securedtofthe under:

surface of a laterally extendingflug 30 0f Sl1D- tion on the undersurface f of. support 29 by a spring wire 31' shown in'Fig. 1 This wirethreads bushing 32 to which the upper endflof the wi're '31 issecured. IThe shorter arm ,oflever memport 10. Theparmjz'l isheldin adjustedposi'-:-' V

ber27 passes th'rougha slot 33 acrossa plunger 34 which is slidablymountedjinlugsBO and 3 5.

each extendingv laterally and in parallel relation from upright support10. The top end 'ofplung' 1 er 34 is drilled toreceive'faspring 80actingon a plunger 81, for resiliently jholding-the knife edge pivot 82of "lever "'27 against the plunger- 34'and'a threaded plug 83is'pr'ovided for adjusting the tension ofsp'ringfSO; iThe lowerend ofplunger 34 has a reducedlportion 36 which is centrally drilled toreceive'a steelvball '37 pro vided} for causing indentation (in the;material under test in a'mannerthat will be hereinafter described indetail.

Integrally formed with the base 11 and extend- I ing upwardly in a,coaxial alignment with plunger 34 there is provided a hub portion 38inwhich is fixedly mounted a sleeve 39 shown in Fig. 2, provided forguiding a lun er 01 anvil 40. This plunger is screw threaded and engagesa'similar-i 1y screw threaded hand wheel 41 for raising, or lowering theplunger 41 for accommodating Sam-- ples of different thicknesses betweenthe ball 37 and the top end of anvil '40. 'A number of screws such as 43fit into a key-way 84 to prevent the rotation of the plunger againstsistance of hand wheel 41. I g On the lug 35 of support 10 there isslidably the frictional reits mounted a cup shaped member 44 which isheld in a detent position as shown in Fig.1 by a; spring 45' abuttingagainstthe underside of lug 35 and the inner sideof the cup member 44.This member cooperates with anvil 40 to permit the clamping of thematerial under test previous the sample of material is yieldably heldbetween to the application of the load as will be hereinthe anvil 40 andthe spring pressed member 44. after described in detail. The raising ofthe anvil 40 is continued until the On lug 30 is pivotally mounted aframe 49 which sample of material touches the ball 37 at the endsupports a mirror 48. The base of frame 49 at of plunger 84. TheweightlGis then moved along 80 one end rests on the roller 50 carried by lugp80the scale beam l'3jthr'ough thermanual operation and the other end on aroller 51 carried by plungofits driving mechanism which as above de-- el34, the frame being held in adjusted position scribed includes themanually operable sprocket e rollers 0 and 51 by a leaf Spring 5 evgheels 60, 62, chain 85, sprocket wheels 65, 66

cured at one end on plunger 34. and chain 67 and the gears 68, 69 and'70; The 85 n the pp r 0 there i r l moun ed displacement of weight 16toward the end of the a bracket 46 which extends in the direetidii' ofbearfi'atises an increase of pressure on the plungthe scale beam 13 andon" the .free "end offthis fr 3 4 which in turniorces the ball into thematebracket there is mounted a p1ate47 having a "fdejr test forcausingan indentation therein.

forked portion 148 for guiding the'felndjofzscale vement'of the plunger34 causes the piv- 90 b 1 This p e upports a i ht pfdiettine eta mvement o'fm'irror 48 which indicates the dev c 149 shown in Figs 4 and2, ifi 'l ihgfid 9 1 depth oftheindentation through the projectionof prj t a m f light 1 against the mirror ithelight beam on the scale 53. Theweight re- 43 f 'Om W ic e light b is fl i d gainst quired to cause suchindentation is an indication a Vertically disposed Scale 53 m h 'd i ofthe hardness of the material, and this Weight 95 ted in a 8 911 8 isreadily indicated by the position of the eight l 1.; Ina hardnesstesting machine, a plunger,

a men f r p h' es ethy ene: 4

e1" prlsllig abearn andavvight movable along saidbearhlfa" guidingmember for said plunger, a otticgii sitsltemll d t nclu n a li ht "mymountedjon support ljD'an'd ing a portion engaging said plunger forreflectvto'a'"sprocketwhe ie j scssi dig the light from s aidprojector'onto said scale H tershart'ss by a chainiafi. far indicating the extentof' mqv'ementof sa id Col h i' h l 5 1$ bly nted in beal ii l' pmnerfahd a scale'on said beam for'indicat Tfitivhr 1 ii s ro ket wh lffifibeam piv ly ,rnountjed vori 'saim liiflrame,

t a -.W 9 is We? as it ta'bl l o rn-t v l ql fl l eeone end of aspindles; which 0 ries at its 0 3 fff carried by Said m,v i ht ti d sdln a n Sai s r w means at nt v y e9 1. n e i S i bea o aid u e a; ide itsaid hung r an nv tmqunt on sem na -rt l er s n q te an sa ide e v e t ay hq d n he m ria unde tes i anvi a l dm a cha n n sear vdr-i in mhanism 2 iqrlio at S d s rew 2 e fec et han v ei ht in id lun e c r e ont th movemen .9 6 ai we ht ri id am f r mu n an in: smati in t e m'a eialha s l and mea s re eh ive t t e m vem Q s 'id n r 9$ $.2 opera inwith s i s ale 0 n i at e ep h of the indentation in the material. I

WALTER s:- HAYe RD! JOHN TOWNSEND- is; r

Q7 v I I. p h it 145

